FISHING IN MONGOLIA
Fishing: There are about 3800 rivers and streams in Mongolia. These are divided into 3 main basins. 1. Arctic Ocean - Eg, Selenge, Orkhon, etc. 2. Pacific Ocean - Onon, Balj, Kherlen, etc. 3. Central Asian basins with no outflow - Zavkhan, Ongi, Baidrag, etc. At the intersection of these 3 basins is the Tsogtchandman Mountain, which divides the 3 basins. The river with the largest volume of water is the Selenge River (the largest tributary of Lake Baikal, providing 50% of its water resources). The longest river is the Orkhon River (1124 km) The shortest river is the Eg. Of the total flow of the rivers; 32% flows into lakes and forms groundwater reserves. 68% flows into the Arctic Ocean through Lake Baikal and the Yenisei River, and the Amur River flows into the Pacific Ocean through the Dalai Lake.
LAKE UGII
A 25-square-kilometer lake located in the Ogiinuur soum of Arkhangai aimag. 7 kilometers long and 5 kilometers wide. At its deepest point, it is about 15 meters. It is 1,337 meters above sea level and is part of the Arctic Ocean basin. Ogiin Lake is fed by the Old Orkhon River from the west, and the Khooloin River flows into the Orkhon River from the northwest. It is covered with ice from November to May. Researchers have determined that there are 14 species of fish, 27 species of floating plants, and 48 species of floating animals in the Orkhon River basin, including red bream, pike, bream, perch, rudd, bream, silver bream, and pike. This feature is a lake where about 150 species of waterfowl gather. Because of its rare birds such as the common goose and spoonbill, it has been registered in the International Network for the Conservation of Geese and Ducks of Northeast Asia. To protect the wetland ecosystem of Lake Ugii, it was registered under the Ramsar Convention at an international meeting held in 1971.
TERELJ RIVER
Gorkhi-Terelj National Park is located 70 km northeast of Ulaanbaatar. Not far from the city, you can see unique natural formations of mountains, rocks, plants, flowers, and birds, as well as get acquainted with the life of nomads. The rocks of the area are made of granite rocks of the Mesozoic era, and have been eroded by water, wind, and years, forming strange shapes. One of them is a large rock in the shape of a frog, known as “Turtle Rock.” The Terelj Mountains are the source of rivers such as Terelj, Khurkh, Baruun Bayan, Dund Bayan, and Zuun Bayan, which flow into the Tuul River.
KHERLEN RIVER
The Kherlen River originates in the Khentii Mountains and flows 1,382 km through the eastern part of Mongolia, flowing into Lake Hulun in China, and then becomes one of the sources of the Amur River, passing through Russia and China before flowing into the Pacific Ocean north of the Japanese islands through the Agnuur Sea. The Great Khentii Mountains branch is named "Kherlen River" after the confluence of the Kherei Tolgoi, the Bogd River, which originates from the Budan Tsagaan, and the Tsagaan River, which originates from the Kherei Tolgoi at the foot of the Khentii Khan Mountain. The main feeders of the Kherlen River are the Bogd River, Khoriud, Iluur, Khongon, Terelj, Tenun, Gurvan Saikhan, Zorgol, western and eastern Burkh, Bayangol, Gutai, western, eastern and middle Baidlag, and 37 large and small rivers flowing in the areas of Umnudelger sum of Khentii aimag and Mungunmort sum of Tuv aimag. Below Baganuur, 4 rivers flow into it: Galuut River, Tsenkher River, Avarga River, and Murun River. It flows from the forest-steppe zone of the Khentii Range to the dry steppe zone, and the river is 2020 meters above sea level at its source and 625 meters at its end. Water and meteorological watchmen have been stationed along the Kherlen River and have been conducting regular observations and measurements. Based on the data of the guards, the average flow over many years was determined to be the highest in the Baganuur district, 23.5 m3/second, in the Chinggis city area 21.4 m3/second, in the Choibalsan city area 19.4 m3/second, and in the Altan Emeel city area of China 14.2 m3/second. The water level of the river in the warm season decreases to an average of 200-220 cm in the upper reaches of the river, around Baganuur district, 150-170 in the middle reaches, and 130-160 cm in the lower reaches, around Choibalsan city.
ONON RIVER
The Onon River is the first major tributary of the Black River, originating in the Khentii Mountains of Mongolia. Its catchment area is 94,010 km². It flows northeastward for 298 km through Mongolia, crosses the border of the Russian Federation, and flows through the Inner Baikal region of Siberia. It flows for 445 km through Mongolia, and for a total of 818 km, it merges with the Ingoda River to form the Shilka River. The Onon River freezes from the end of October until it freezes in the second half of November, and is covered with ice for 150-170 days. The average thickness of the ice reaches 1.2-1.5 m. Since it is a fast-flowing mountain river, the autumn freeze lasts for relatively long days (14-25). As April warms up, the river ice thaws and the snow melts, causing spring floods, so the river is not so clear for long. The Onon-Shilka-Khar River is one of the top 10 longest rivers in the world (818 km + 560 km + 2874 km). The Onon River is a mountain river, so it has a high gradient and a fast flow. In some places, the flow speed reaches 1.5-2.0 m/s, but below the Balj confluence it decreases to about 1.0 m/s. The major tributaries of the Onon River, the Agats, Balj, Eg, Barkh, and Jargalant rivers, flow through mountainous terrain with steep slopes.
BALJ RIVER
The Balj River is the largest tributary of the Onon River. It originates from the Khumul Saridag Mountain, located between Burkhan Khaldun and Sokhond, a continuation of the Khentii Range in Russia, and flows for more than 40 km in Russia and about 180 km in Mongolia, before joining the Onon River at Ishin Mountain and Khadyn Uvur in Dadal Sum. The river valley widens towards the end, and its flow branches off into several dense islands. Major rivers such as Khyurkhan, Khumul, Amgalant, Galttai, and Tengeleg flow into the Balj River.
